The Chemical Culprits in Tobacco Smoke
Tobacco smoke contains over 7,000 chemicals, including at least 70 known carcinogens like benzene, polonium-210, benzo[a]pyrene, and nitrosamines. When inhaled, these chemicals enter the lungs, interact with DNA, and can cause mutations leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumors.
The Process of Mutation
Smoking induces mutations in lung cells' DNA. Carcinogens in tobacco smoke can directly damage DNA or cause long-term changes. With each cigarette, the risk of mutations increases. Although the body can repair some DNA damage, the constant exposure to tobacco smoke can overwhelm these repair mechanisms, leading to permanent damage and cancer development.
The Role of Nicotine
Nicotine, though not a carcinogen, is key in lung cancer development by promoting tobacco addiction and inhibiting apoptosis. This inhibition allows damaged cells to survive and multiply, increasing cancer risk.
Inflammation and Immune Function
Smoking causes chronic lung inflammation, creating an environment conducive to cancer growth. It also impairs the immune system, reducing its ability to combat cancerous cells, allowing them to proliferate unchecked.
Types of Lung Cancer Associated with Smoking
Smoking is linked to various lung cancers, notably small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). SCLC, almost exclusively caused by smoking, is highly aggressive. NSCLC, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma, is more common and can result from smoking and other factors like radon gas and asbestos exposure.
The Good News: It’s Never Too Late to Quit
Quitting smoking significantly reduces lung cancer risk. The body begins to repair itself immediately, and after 10-15 years smoke-free, a former smoker's lung cancer risk approaches that of a non-smoker.
Conclusion
Understanding the link between smoking and lung cancer highlights the critical importance of quitting smoking or never starting. Overcoming this addiction is challenging but possible with the right support. For comprehensive lung cancer treatment in Hyderabad, Dr Vijay Karan Reddy stands out as the top Oncologist known for its expertise and advanced care.