Radiotherapy Overview

Radiotherapy is crucial in treating one-third of cancer patients by targeting tumor cells and minimizing damage to normal tissues. However, photon (X-ray) radiotherapy can expose healthy tissues to radiation, particularly affecting children and young adults who are sensitive to radiotherapy.

What is Proton Beam Therapy?

Proton beam therapy is a new method that reduces radiation exposure to healthy tissues. Proton beams deposit most of their energy precisely within the tumor, minimizing the "exit dose" and protecting normal tissues.

Delivery and Global Adoption

Proton therapy units require larger facilities than photon therapy. While globally adopted, Canada lacks hospital-based proton facilities, forcing patients to seek treatment abroad. Countries like the US, China, and India have operational proton therapy facilities, making treatment accessible to their populations.

Eligibility and Indications

Proton therapy is particularly beneficial for various cancers, including pediatric tumors, skull base tumors, and certain adult CNS tumors. Guidelines from Alberta Health Services and Cancer Care Ontario support its use in these cases. The American Society for Radiation Oncology also endorses proton therapy for specific cancers and re-irradiation cases.

Risks and Efficacy

Early concerns about risks such as brainstem necrosis have been mitigated through careful planning and adherence to dose guidelines. Recent trials have shown proton therapy's effectiveness in reducing side effects like pneumonitis in lung cancer patients, indicating a learning curve in its delivery.

Current Use in India

Proton therapy use in India is growing, with facilities now operational in major cities. This development allows more patients, particularly children, to receive advanced cancer treatment without the need to travel abroad. Increased accessibility to proton therapy in India is expected to improve treatment outcomes and reduce long-term side effects for pediatric and adult cancer patients.

Conclusion

Proton therapy represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment, offering precise targeting of tumors and minimizing long-term side effects, especially for younger patients. Dr. Vijay Karan Reddy emphasizes the importance of this technology in improving outcomes and reducing adverse effects for cancer patients in India, making it a promising option for advanced cancer care.